This study consists of two sections. The first section, “Toward a New Way of Thinking About Urban Vacant Land,” surveys the programs and policies of governments, non-profit agencies, and neighborhood-based organizations across the country. Section one proposes a set of recommendations to municipal decision-makers on future policies regarding urban vacant land. The second section, “Toward a New Way of Thinking about Urban Vacant Land in Philadelphia,” reviews Philadelphia’s modern community greening history and presents a set of policy recommendations for city government and private stakeholders in the city.